One unfortunate reality of traditional teaching models is that student learning is very much an independent, isolated experience. In the pervasive lecture-style approach to teaching there are few opportunities for learner participation and discussion. Students are expected to memorize the material presented by the instructor and regurgitate it on a final exam. Nowhere in this process are students encouraged to interact with their peers and to learn from one another.
Though changing the prevailing wisdom on teaching and learning is difficult, news out of the University of Saskatchewan shows that it can be done, and the potential benefits are tremendous. U of S reported last week that its decision to create Learning Communities has paid off to the tune of a 10% average increase in participant’s grades.
Learning Communities have been employed sporadically for many years as an effective way to facilitate collaborative learning at the first-year level. In the U of S model, 333 students participated in 11 learning communities of 30-40 students each. The students were co-registered in 2 or 3 classes and “take part in community-specific activities, such as a weekly meeting led by senior student mentors.”
Some large universities in the United States have already adopted models where students co-register in blocks of 25 to 30. As at U of S they attend larger sized lectures but meet frequently to discuss the material with their peers in the Learning Community. This is similar in principle to tutorials, but the discussion group stays consistent between classes.
The reasons behind the success of these initiatives has also been well documented. Student interaction with peers has been shown to positively influence overall academic development, knowledge acquisition, analytical and problems solving skills, as well as overall student self esteem. Additionally, increased opportunities for peer interaction within the classroom bring students into contact with students from diverse backgrounds, which has also been positively correlated with improved learning outcomes.
The classroom experience brings together students of all types and has great potential for interaction and common exploration. It is vitally important that teaching be done in a way that facilitates this interaction between students, as well as between students and faculty. The results at U of S further demonstrate that our unwillingness to move away from traditional didactic instruction is keeping our students from realizing their full potential. With provincial and institutional leadership, similar collaborative learning opportunities could be extended to students from all institutions across Ontario.
Alexi White
Executive Director
University of Saskatchewan press release:
http://announcements.usask.ca/news/archive/2010/05/u_of_s_learning.html
For more on Learning Communities and student success, see:
Kuh, George D., Jillian Kinzie, Jennifer A. Buckley, Brian K. Bridges, and John C. Hayek. Peicing Together the Student Success Puzzle: Research, Prepositions and Recommendations. ASHE Higher Education Report 32.5 (2007)
Tinto, Vincent. Taking Student Retention Seriously, (Syracuse University: April 15, 2002),
Falchikov, Nancy. Learning Together: Peer Tutoring in Higher Education, (London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2001)